EVERY TIME YOU go get a check-up, you and your doctor probably have a conversation about your cholesterol.
And that conversation is probably confusing no matter how many times you’ve had it— how some cholesterol is good, and some cholesterol is bad. If you’re one of the people that has more good then bad, then you’re probably getting out of class early. But, if you’ve struggled with high cholesterol at any point in your life, that lesson probably continued a bit longer than you expected.
It is an important lesson to learn, though. The world seems to be a bit confused on what cholesterol is—especially considering now-outdated science once linked dietary cholesterol with blood cholesterol.
Yes, they’re different things. If you’ve ever had high cholesterol, you may have also been instructed to watch how many high-cholesterol foods you eat in an attempt to bring your bad cholesterol down. But, the link between dietary cholesterol and blood cholesterol might not be what you think.
“Research has found that eating foods with cholesterol such as eggs or shrimp is not related to high blood cholesterol levels or heart disease risk for most people,” says Kelsey Lorencz, R.D.N., with Zenmaster Wellness. In fact, we need both blood and dietary cholesterol to survive.
Hector Perez, M.D., a board-certified general and bariatric surgeon, says that cholesterol isn’t entirely bad for the body because it’s needed to help organs function properly, as well as create hormones, vitamin D, and digestive fluids.
That all said, maybe your doctor has decided to recommend that you go on a low-cholesterol diet in order to protect you from heart disease, stroke, or other health problems. If this is the case, Dr. Perez says that in general “a low-cholesterol diet is fairly easy to follow, and you don’t have to give up all of your favorite foods. You’ll just need to be more mindful of the foods you’re eating and make sure you’re getting enough nutrients.”
Too much of anything is bad, though. If your body has a large amount of LDL cholesterol, that could lead to other health problems, he adds. “LDL cholesterol is known as the ‘bad cholesterol’ because it can cause plaque to build up in the arteries, leading to heart disease and other serious health problems.”
As always, you should consult with a trusted healthcare practitioner like your primary care physician or a registered dietitian to find out what’s best for your individual needs and if such a nutritional regime may be good for you.
Ahead, learn what dietary cholesterol is, how to implement a low-cholesterol diet, and more about the misunderstood dietary substance.
What is Dietary Cholesterol?
Dietary cholesterol is a nutrient that is “found in the tissues of animal products such as meat, poultry, dairy, eggs, and seafood,” says Lorencz. Even though the link between dietary cholesterol and heart disease risk isn’t clear, a small portion of the population may be hyper-responsive to the cholesterol in food and benefit from limiting this nutrient.
Is Dietary Cholesterol the Same as Blood Cholesterol?
No, dietary cholesterol and blood cholesterol are not the same.
Dietary cholesterol comes from food, and the relationship between how much dietary cholesterol you eat and how much cholesterol is in your blood is not exactly linear, says Perez.
“This is because the liver makes most of the cholesterol in the body, and only a small amount comes from food,” says Perez. “When you eat less cholesterol, your liver makes more cholesterol to make up for the difference. And when you eat more cholesterol, your liver makes less.”
So, the cholesterol you get from food, like animal products, doesn’t necessarily become blood cholesterol. “Blood cholesterol is the cholesterol that circulated through your body and has the potential to build up as plaques in your bloodstream,” Perez says.
What is a Low-Cholesterol Diet?
A low-cholesterol diet emphasizes lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
“A low-cholesterol diet limits animal products, especially those high in cholesterol such as eggs, liver, and shellfish,” says Lorencz. “While some animal products can fit into a low cholesterol diet, they need to be limited.”
Accordingly, vegan and vegetarian diets are associated with lower levels of LDL or “bad cholesterol” and lower total cholesterol levels.
What Does a Low-Cholesterol Diet Look Like?
Lorencz shares a sample menu for a day on a low-cholesterol diet:
Breakfast: Oatmeal
Snack: Apple and peanut butter
Lunch: Salmon salad
Snack: Hummus and vegetables with pita chips
Dinner: Boneless skinless chicken breast with rice and sautéed vegetables
What Foods Should You Avoid in a Low-Cholesterol Diet?
A good rule of thumb when eating for cholesterol is to avoid high-fat animal products, like red meat and full fat dairy products like creams, whole milk, and butter. Generally, foods with high saturated fat content should be kept to a minimum. That included fried foods like french fries and chicken fingers, as well as baked goods.
Is a Low-Cholesterol Diet a Good Idea?
The bottom line: Always talk to your doc or a registered dietitian before making any major changes in your diet.
With that in mind, if you’ve tried other diets and lifestyle changes to lower your blood cholesterol and reduce your risk of heart disease, a low cholesterol diet may be able to help.
“Keep in mind that people who follow a vegan diet don’t get any cholesterol from the food they eat,” Lorencz adds. “Your body is able to make its own cholesterol, so limiting dietary cholesterol won’t put your health at risk.”
Perri is a New York City-born and -based writer; she holds a bachelor’s in psychology from Columbia University and is also a culinary school graduate of the plant-based Natural Gourmet Institute, which is now the Natural Gourmet Center at the Institute of Culinary Education. Her work has appeared in the New York Post, Men’s Journal, Rolling Stone, Oprah Daily, Insider.com, Architectural Digest, Southern Living, and more. She’s probably seen Dave Matthews Band in your hometown, and she’ll never turn down a bloody mary. Learn more at VeganWhenSober.com.
Cori Ritchey, NASM-CPT is an Associate Health & Fitness Editor at Men’s Health and a certified personal trainer and group fitness instructor. You can find more of her work in HealthCentral, Livestrong, Self, and others.
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